The effects of civil liability for environmental pollution damages caused by oil and gas companies

Abstract

The research dealt with the effects of civil liability for the damages of environmental pollution caused by oil and gas companies, which the world witnessed in light of the modern industrial revolution, and the need to update some traditional legal rules, to make their application in line with the nature of civil liability for environmental pollution damages caused by oil and gas companies. Some provisions relating to civil liability must be changed, as the Iraqi legislator indicated the necessity of adopting the theory of harm, as it is the only basis on which civil liability can be ascertained for environmental pollution damages caused by oil and gas companies.